News Mountain, Field, Reef: Mapping the Jaragun Wetlands Project

The project also plays a "valuable role in bringing First Nations back onto country" - and is "the largest of its kind on the GBR both in terms of land size and investment". Liz also spoke about how the project was made possible through a partnership between Jaragun and GreenCollar, a large environmental markets investor and project developer that funds wetland projects that improve the health of the GBR.

Generously donating his time over the phone, Dennis spoke about the project in terms of “cultural flows” and how traditional owners have a spiritual, social, and environmental obligation to care for wetlands as part of their commitment to caring for the Country.

Mountain, Field, Reef: How the wetlands will work

Strategically chosen for its position, the flat 70-hectare site sits downstream from surrounding sugarcane land. This allows agricultural runoff from the canefields to pass directly through the property. This runoff contains large quantities of dissolved inorganic nitrogen material (also known as DINs or fertilisers), which then feed directly into the Russell River and, by extension, into the Coral Sea, thus affecting the health of the Great Barrier Reef. DIN interception has become a major challenge in protecting the Reef – and the Russell River Catchment is a crucial priority accounting for around 11 per cent of all DINs in the GBR (2015-16).

The Jaragun wetland will effectively function as a natural filtration system, providing a significant annual reduction in the DIN loads. These reductions in DINs will be converted and quantified through "Reef Credits", a tradable market mechanism used to incentivise water quality improvements across catchments of the GBR.

The wetland will also serve to reduce the quantity of fine sediment pollutants into the GBR and help establish a complex ecosystem comprising natural and location-specific flora and fauna.

With earthworks planned in 2023, the aesthetically and ecologically compelling design consists of a series of connecting lagoons, a berm wall around the perimeter to slow and divert runoff and opening points and drainage channels.

How does Geoscience Australia and DEA fit into all of this?

DEA’s spectral mapping will help monitor the progression of this wetland over time. By undertaking laser-based LiDAR mapping and hyperspectral imaging via drone aircraft, our field team are helping to create a more thorough picture of the site's current state.

As seen in the animation above, the LiDAR mapping details the site's elevation, profile and topography.

Further LiDAR mapping down the track, however, will show the transformations in the landscape, the depth of the excavations and abnormalities such as surface degradation, slope changes and vegetation growth. Used in this context, "the mapping is a powerful tool in our understanding of the hydrology of the land, the volume capacity, the way water flows, accumulates and its general quality," Liz said.

By contrast, multispectral imaging captures the electromagnetic spectrum of light and colour (including infrared) and will help determine the growth, health and nutritional status of the plants.

GA will also survey the site using the more advanced Hyperspectral imaging.  “We are expecting delivery of our hyperspectral instrument in December and would deploy this instrument over the wetland site once it has been revegetated by Jaragun,”Mark said.

Providing an even greater level of detail, Hyperspectral imaging utilises hundreds of bands rather than the ten bands used in our multispectral camera. It is also one of the most advanced and information-rich technologies for detecting weeds, pests, and nutrient and water efficiency.

With increasing developments in drone technology, LiDAR and spectral imaging have become more usable and powerful. It took our GA team three hours to map about 68 hectares of the intended wetland area. The recent drone mapping contrasted with more expensive and labour-intensive fixed-plane mapping funded by the QLD Government back in 2009 and used subsequently by Jaragun for a geomorphic assessment of the Russell River Catchment and Babinda Creek.

DEA’s Mark Broomhall said, “aerial mapping is becoming far more accessible and affordable, and this is empowering small groups like Jaragun to manage their own mapping.”

"Ultimately, Jaragun and other eco organisations will be able to operate these drones and mapping instruments and then render the data themselves."

First Nations Project

The Wanjuru people from the Yidinji nation are at the centre of the wetland project. Jaragun employs several Wanjuru workers at any given time and links many facets of the ecological rehabilitation process to Wanjuru cultural knowledge and traditions. For instance, hibiscus, a flowering plant traditionally used as a kind of twine or string in spear making, will help stabilize stream banks, prevent erosion and sediment build-up and provide shade and habitat for aquatic life.

Dennis stated that “another fascinating element of the restoration process will be to bring back bird life, as the wetlands were valuable hunting grounds for traditional owners.”

“This was especially the case after the wet season when the water dropped and the wetlands were more accessible, and the birds were still present,” he said.

“Another dimension to the project is that it will allow a proper and in-depth cultural heritage study that takes the old people back onto the land to identify the plants, grasses and animals that were used in traditional culture.”

“And it will also provide the opportunity for the younger Wanjuru to reconnect with country and develop the capacity and skill sets to restore ecosystem function."

It is also important to note the historical backdrop to this project and Jaragun's work, where many Wanjuru families had been removed and relocated from the South Russell River catchment area. Jaragun's work thus helps the traditional custodians to return and reconnect with country and record, map and document their cultural heritage.

A Unique Collaboration

The Jaragun wetlands project sits uniquely at the intersection of traditional ecological knowledge and science, with a common goal of restoring a vital catchment area that feeds directly into the Great Barrier Reef.

The project will also pave the way for future collaborations incorporating First Nation approaches to sustainability and geo-mapping data collection. Geoscience Australia is thrilled to participate in this innovative and vital project.

Other jobs up north

While up in Queensland, our remote sensing team also completed striking LIDAR and multispectral mapping of the Kinrara crater, the site of one of the last volcanic eruptions in Australia roughly 7000 years ago. As noted by Mark, this work was undertaken for GA's Exploring for the Future Program, working in close consultation with the Gugu-Badhun people, the traditional custodians of that area.

Furthermore, the team also flew at Robson Creek, at what is known as a Terrestrial Ecosystems Research Network (TERN) supersite, Australia's first large-scale rainforest research plot. The mapping aims to create one of DEA's analysis-ready validation data sites. That is to say, remote sensing and surveying data that will help validate and even provide a more detailed account of earth observation occurring from space – from critical satellites such as NASA’s Landsat 8 and 9 and the European Space Agency’s Sentinel 2 satellite from the Copernicus Program.